The True Origins of the Panama Hat

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<p><strong>You may be surprised to learn that the iconic Panama hat does not actually originate from Panama. So, why is it called a Panama hat?</strong> The answer lies in its fascinating history, which I will explain in this article. It's important to note that the true birthplace of the <strong>Panama hat is Ecuador</strong>. If you're curious to discover the remarkable journey of Panama hats and how the exquisite Montecristi Panama Hats are made, keep reading.</p>

<p>The stylish and sophisticated hats favored by <span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">celebrities, politicians, and fashion enthusiasts around the world should really be referred to as <strong>Ecuador hats</strong> or <strong>toquilla straw hats</strong>. Let’s delve into the specific region of <strong>Ecuador</strong> where these hats originated and the materials used to create them.</span></p>

<p class="has-theme-palette-7-background-color has-background"><strong>INTERESTING FACT ABOUT THE PANAMA HAT</strong> – The art of weaving the traditional Ecuadorian toquilla hat was recognized as part of the <strong>UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List</strong><span class="wpil-link-icon" title="Link goes to external site." style="margin: 0 0 0 5px;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" style="height:16px; width:16px; fill:#7f7676; stroke:#7f7676; display:inline-block;" viewbox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1"><g id="wpil-svg-outbound-3-icon-path">&#13;
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<p style="font-size:14px"><em>Disclaimer: This page may contain affiliate links. If you make a purchase using one of these links, I may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Please see my disclaimer policy here and my privacy policy here.</em></p>

<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><span class="ez-toc-section" id="the_origin_of_panama_hats_history"/>The Origin of Panama Hats: History<span class="ez-toc-section-end"/></h2>

<p>If you've read about the origins of the Panama hat, you might already know it originates from the coastal region of Manabi in Ecuador, where the Toquilla palm thrives.</p>
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<p class="has-text-align-center"><strong>FUN FACTS ABOUT THE TOQUILLA PALM:</strong></p>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>The toquilla palm, also known as the <em>Jipijapa palm</em> (named after Jipijapa town), is scientifically referred to as <em>Carludovica palmata<span class="wpil-link-icon" title="Link goes to external site." style="margin: 0 0 0 5px;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" style="height:16px; width:16px; fill:#7f7676; stroke:#7f7676; display:inline-block;" viewbox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1"><use href="#wpil-svg-outbound-3-icon-path"/></svg></span></em>.</li>
<li>While it resembles a palm, it isn’t exactly classified as one.</li>
<li>The name <em>Carludovica Palmata</em> was assigned in the 18th century by two Spanish biologists, inspired by Carlos IV (King of Spain) and Ludovica, which is Latin for Louisa (his wife)—a tribute to royal tastes!</li>
<li>Later, the name toquilla was adopted when the weaving became so delicate and light that the hats could be folded and easily stored, similar to a small triangular handkerchief women used to wear for head covering.</li>
</ul>
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<p>Now, back to the story.</p>

<p>Interestingly, these hats have roots that go back to pre-Hispanic Andean communities, as evidenced by small figures from cultures like Manteñas, Jama Coaque, Bahia, and Jama-Quevedo, depicting designs similar to what we know today. If only these ancient artisans knew they were pioneers of such fashionable art!</p>

<p>The history of these straw hats truly begins during colonial times in the village of Jipijapa (which is how the name originated) in the Manabi province on Ecuador's coast. When the Spanish conquerors arrived, locals were already crafting these hats by hand. As demand grew, they became a crucial part of the region's economic, cultural, and social fabric.</p>

<p>Initially, these hats were primarily worn by laborers due to their practicality and effectiveness in providing protection from the sun.</p>

<p>In the 1800s, hats produced in Jipijapa and Montecristi began making their way to neighboring countries like Peru, Colombia, and Chile.</p>

<p>A pivotal moment occurred when these hats were exported to Panama, a bustling transit hub for travelers, especially those heading from the US East Coast to the West during the California Gold Rush.</p>

<p>Here’s a quick overview of the factors that drove the demand for Panama Hats:</p>

<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>The California Gold Rush significantly boosted sales; prospectors and travelers were purchasing hats readily available in Panama, often attributing their purchase to the city. Little did they know the hats originated in Ecuador.</li>
<li><strong>Manuel Alfaro</strong>, a Spanish entrepreneur who moved to Ecuador in 1835, revolutionized production by establishing a vast network of weavers and artisans, optimizing the manufacturing process. He aimed for export.</strong> (<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Brant Black</strong></span><span class="wpil-link-icon" title="Link goes to external site." style="margin: 0 0 0 5px;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" style="height:16px; width:16px; fill:#7f7676; stroke:#7f7676; display:inline-block;" viewbox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1"><use href="#wpil-svg-outbound-3-icon-path"/></svg></span>) He settled in Montecristi, which is still renowned for producing the finest and most coveted hats.</li>
<li><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Eloy Alfaro</strong></span><span class="wpil-link-icon" title="Link goes to external site." style="margin: 0 0 0 5px;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" style="height:16px; width:16px; fill:#7f7676; stroke:#7f7676; display:inline-block;" viewbox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1"><use href="#wpil-svg-outbound-3-icon-path"/></svg></span>, Manuel's son, further enhanced the business and was instrumental in shaping Ecuador’s journey towards independence. Alongside expanding the family’s legacy in Panama Hat trade, he was deeply involved in important political and social developments in Ecuador. His leadership played a crucial role in the Liberal Revolution of 1895, leading to significant social and economic reforms, ultimately serving as the President of Ecuador twice.</li>
<li>The construction of the Panama Canal also fueled the popularity of Panama Hats. When a famous photo of President Theodore Roosevelt visiting the canal while wearing a Panama hat circulated globally through press outlets, it solidified the hat's image as a symbol of style, purchased more in Panama than anywhere else, often without any mention of its true Ecuadorian roots.</li>
<li>Post-canal, the demand soared, and Panama hats became staples among Hollywood celebrities, politicians, and other figures, solidifying its status as a timeless icon. However, with a rise in popularity comes an increase in counterfeit products, so be cautious!</li>
</ul>

<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><picture><source   type="image/webp"><img decoding="async" width="860" height="544" data-id="19893" src="https://www.boundlessroads.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/panama-hat-cuenca-860x544.jpg" alt="Various Panama hats displayed on shelves" class="wp-image-19893"   data-eio="p" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="low"/></source></picture></figure></figure>

<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><span class="ez-toc-section" id="how_the_panama_hats_are_made"/>How Panama Hats Are Made<span class="ez-toc-section-end"/></h2>

<p>The process of crafting an authentic Panama Hat is intricate and time-consuming. It all begins with the cultivation of the <em>toquillales</em>, the toquilla palm trees. The stems are cut, and the fibers, known as <em>corollas</em> (the unopened central leaf spikes), are separated from the green outer skin.</p>

<p>After harvesting, these plant parts must be boiled to remove chlorophyll, dried out, and then bleached using sulfur over a wood fire.</p>

<p>This bleaching process occurs twice, after which the raw material is left overnight to dry under the moonlight.</p>

<p>The next day, the dried leaves are split into fine threads by hand using the artisan’s nails.</p>

<p>The true craft of weaving is then undertaken by skilled artisans who have passed down this tradition through generations. This has become a cultural heritage for Ecuador, bringing together families and communities from the southern and coastal regions.</p>

<p>Weaving itself is complex and requires great physical effort and precision. While primarily performed by women and children, some men also participate. Notably, according to <strong>Brant Black</strong><span class="wpil-link-icon" title="Link goes to external site." style="margin: 0 0 0 5px;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" style="height:16px; width:16px; fill:#7f7676; stroke:#7f7676; display:inline-block;" viewbox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1"><use href="#wpil-svg-outbound-3-icon-path"/></svg></span>, the finest weaver is a man named Simon Espinal, who is currently passing his expertise to his son.</p>

<p>It’s a long and labor-intensive task, particularly since artisans often work in uncomfortable positions atop a wooden scaffold, using a piece of wood to press the straw as they weave.</p>

<p>However, weaving is just one part of a more comprehensive process that includes washing the raw hat in a special solution to remove stains, ironing with a hot press, and shaping the hat through a technique known as blocking. The final touches involve adding internal and external ribbons, placing the hat in a heated mold, and pressing it once more. This results in a finished “Panama hat.”</p>

<p>The more exquisite the hat, the longer its preparation time. If you encounter a Panama hat priced in the thousands, it’s likely because the artisan invested an entire year into its creation. This meticulous process begins with the selection of top-quality straws, which can only be identified by the keen eye of a master weaver.</p>

<p>Conversely, there are standard hats, also of high quality, that can be produced in just a few days and are available at more affordable prices.</p>

<p>If you want to see the entire process from start to finish, I recommend watching the video included in this post.</p>

<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><picture><source   type="image/webp"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="860" height="573" data-id="20143" src="https://www.boundlessroads.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/panama-hat-860x573.jpg" alt="Artisan weaving a Panama hat among others" class="wp-image-20143"   data-eio="p" fetchpriority="low"/></source></picture></figure></figure>

<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><span class="ez-toc-section" id="cuenca_hats_vs_montecristi_panama_hats"/>Cuenca Hats vs. Montecristi Panama Hats<span class="ez-toc-section-end"/></h2>

<p>The Manabi region, particularly the towns of Montecristi and Jipijapa (pronounced hee-pee-ha-pa), has mastered traditional weaving techniques, establishing a reputation for producing the finest woven hats over time.</p>

<p>Today, Montecristi Panama Hats are recognized as the most exquisite and authentic Panama hats.</p>

<p>Interestingly, despite the Montecristi hat's prestige, it is not the most widely sold hat.</p>

<p>In 1845, Don Bartolome Serrano introduced the hat business to Cuenca. He traveled to the coast, procured materials, hired skilled artisans, and brought them to Cuenca, quickly transforming it into one of the largest producers of Toquilla straw hats.</p>

<p>Today, Cuenca remains the leading exporter of the Serrano hat.</p>

<p>Brent, from <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Brent Black Panama hats<span class="wpil-link-icon" title="Link goes to external site." style="margin: 0 0 0 5px;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" style="height:16px; width:16px; fill:#7f7676; stroke:#7f7676; display:inline-block;" viewbox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1"><use href="#wpil-svg-outbound-3-icon-path"/></svg></span></strong></span>, whose site has become an essential resource on everything related to Panama hats, highlights an issue with Cuenca producers. While some market Serrano hats as the original, competitors dispute this claim, and many producers inaccurately portray their hats as Montecristi hats.</p>

<p><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">To protect the integrity of the Montecristi brand, the Montecristi Foundation was established. This non-profit organization is actively supporting the Montecristi community of hat weavers through various initiatives, including healthcare for artisans, training new craftspeople, and more. Their main project focuses on providing legal protection for “Montecristi” hats. Let's hope they succeed in this endeavor!</span></p>

<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><span class="ez-toc-section" id="how_to_recognize_an_original_panama_straw_hats"/>How to Recognize Original Panama Straw Hats<span class="ez-toc-section-end"/></h2>

<p>As mentioned earlier, the quality of <strong>toquilla straw hats</strong> (which Ecuadorians do not refer to as Panama hats) can vary significantly based on the straw's quality, the weaving process, and the pattern. For instance, a tighter weave indicates better quality.</p>

<p>Different weaving techniques can influence the hat’s lightness, durability, flexibility, and breathability.</p>

<p>Unfortunately, <strong>there is no standardized grading system</strong> among Panama hat manufacturers. Thus, one seller's grade 10 may differ greatly from another’s, making comparison challenging.</p>

<p>The primary factors determining a hat's quality include:</p>

<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>The straw: finer is better, but it must also be uniformly colored.</li>
</ul>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>The weave: the tighter and more even the weave, the better the quality.</li>
</ul>

<p>To accurately assess the fineness of a woven hat, count the number of weaves per inch (or 2.5 centimeters) horizontally and vertically. For more information about Panama hat grades, read <strong>here</strong><span class="wpil-link-icon" title="Link goes to external site." style="margin: 0 0 0 5px;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" style="height:16px; width:16px; fill:#7f7676; stroke:#7f7676; display:inline-block;" viewbox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1"><use href="#wpil-svg-outbound-3-icon-path"/></svg></span>.</p>

<p>The finest Panama hats feature over 2,000-4,000 weaves per square inch, and artisans may take four to eight months to create one hat. Considering the skill and time invested in their making, it’s clear why these exceptional hats come with a high price tag.</p>

<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><span class="ez-toc-section" id="panama_hat_styles"/>Panama Hat Styles<span class="ez-toc-section-end"/></h2>

<p>The style of a Panama hat is determined by the shape and size of the brim and crown.</p>

<p>The most popular Panama hat styles include:</p>

<p><strong>Fedora Panama Hat</strong>—Currently the most sought-after style, it gained fame in the 1940s as a signature accessory of male protagonists in classic Hollywood films and remains popular among celebrities today.</p>

<p><strong>Optimo Panama Hat</strong>—This is considered the classic Panama hat style, known as the Natural in Ecuador and has found a greater following in the UK compared to the US.</p>

<p><strong>Plantation Panama Hat</strong>—You might recognize this style from Clark Gable's character in "Gone with the Wind." Remember that one?</p>

<p>All these styles come in numerous variations. For further insight, consider exploring <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Brent Black’s descriptions</strong></span><span class="wpil-link-icon" title="Link goes to external site." style="margin: 0 0 0 5px;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" style="height:16px; width:16px; fill:#7f7676; stroke:#7f7676; display:inline-block;" viewbox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1"><use href="#wpil-svg-outbound-3-icon-path"/></svg></span>. His writing is both detailed and entertaining, particularly the section about Hemingway’s hat!</p>

<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><span class="ez-toc-section" id="the_costs_of_original_panama_hats"/>The Costs of Original Panama Hats<span class="ez-toc-section-end"/></h2>

<p>In short, the more expensive the hat, the higher the quality—provided you purchase it from a reputable source. While I won't guide you on where to buy, it's crucial to conduct thorough research if you intend to invest in a high-end Panama hat. Revisit the section on <strong>recognizing finely crafted Panama hats</strong>, or check out this even <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>detailed description</strong></span><span class="wpil-link-icon" title="Link goes to external site." style="margin: 0 0 0 5px;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" style="height:16px; width:16px; fill:#7f7676; stroke:#7f7676; display:inline-block;" viewbox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1"><use href="#wpil-svg-outbound-3-icon-path"/></svg></span>. Alternatively, consider taking a <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>trip to Ecuador</strong></span> to buy directly from the source.</p>

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<p><strong>Disclosure</strong>: The sources for this article primarily include <strong>the BrentBlack site</strong><span class="wpil-link-icon" title="Link goes to external site." style="margin: 0 0 0 5px;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" style="height:16px; width:16px; fill:#7f7676; stroke:#7f7676; display:inline-block;" viewbox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1"><use href="#wpil-svg-outbound-3-icon-path"/></svg></span>, <strong>Wikipedia</strong><span class="wpil-link-icon" title="Link goes to external site." style="margin: 0 0 0 5px;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" style="height:16px; width:16px; fill:#7f7676; stroke:#7f7676; display:inline-block;" viewbox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1"><use href="#wpil-svg-outbound-3-icon-path"/></svg></span>, and <strong>UNESCO Video</strong><span class="wpil-link-icon" title="Link goes to external site." style="margin: 0 0 0 5px;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" style="height:16px; width:16px; fill:#7f7676; stroke:#7f7676; display:inline-block;" viewbox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1"><use href="#wpil-svg-outbound-3-icon-path"/></svg></span>. However, I also wish to acknowledge <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Ultrafin<span class="wpil-link-icon" title="Link goes to external site." style="margin: 0 0 0 5px;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" style="height:16px; width:16px; fill:#7f7676; stroke:#7f7676; display:inline-block;" viewbox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1"><use href="#wpil-svg-outbound-3-icon-path"/></svg></span></strong></span> and Chimuadventures. Please note that I have no commercial or personal ties to the companies mentioned above.</p>

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